The renewal of community development and community economic development, in countries such as the UK, Ireland and the Nordic countries had the same origin as Local Employment Initiatives and endogenous development action or, in some countries with social economy and local inclusion initiatives. It has been subject to research, surveys and evaluation of achievements of community enterprises, community coops and community self help groups:
The UK branch of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation 1981 Whose business is business, and 1982 Community business Works
M. Grant 1984 Alternative Legal Structures for Local Economic Development, companies, enterprises boards and trustsThe Planning Exchange (covering the legal aspects)
G. Chanan 1992 Out of Shadows, Local community action and the ECDublin Foundation
Community Development Foundation/CDF (Research Department) 1999 Discovering Community action, London,
Twelvetrees, A. (ed.) 1998 Community economic development: rhetoric or reality ?, Community development foundation publications, London
P. Conroy et al 1998.Partnership in Action, the role of community development in Ireland. The Community Workers Coop
P. Dale 2002 Community Involvement in Local Strategic Partnership, Urban Forum, CDF
S. Skinner and M. Wilson 2002 Assessing Community Strengths, a practical handbook for planning capacity building. CDF
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